[Day 1] 1. Operating System

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Operating System (OS)

An Operating System is a crucial software that enables hardware to function by acting as an interface between the hardware and the end user, as well as between the hardware and application software.

Key Points

1. Components of a Computer System:

   • CPU (Central Processing Unit)
   • RAM (Random Access Memory)
   • Monitor
   • Keyboard
   • Hard Disk

   Note: A computer system requires both hardware and software (including the OS) to function correctly.

2. Buses in a Computer System: Buses are used to transmit data and signals within the computer system. The three main types of buses are:

   • Data Bus: Bi-directional, carries data between the processor, memory, and peripherals.
   • Address Bus: Uni-directional, carries memory addresses from the processor to other components.
   • Control Bus: Carries control signals, such as read/write commands, to ensure proper data flow and synchronisation.

3. Definitions of an Operating System:

   • Interface:
     • The OS acts as an interface between the end-user and hardware, allowing users to interact with the computer.
     • It also serves as an interface between application software and hardware, managing the execution of software.
   • Control Program:
     • The OS controls the execution of all application software that runs on the computer.
   • Resource Manager:
     • The OS allocates hardware resources such as CPU time, memory, and storage to programs, ensuring they operate efficiently.

4. OS Components (when purchasing an OS):

   • Kernel: The core part of the operating system that directly manages hardware resources.
   • Application Software: Programs that allow users to perform tasks, like a web browser or word processor.
   • System Utilities: Tools that display system information, status, or help manage the OS (e.g., task manager, file manager).

Note

The more you explore operating systems, the more perspectives you'll encounter. Different roles, such as a developer or system administrator, may emphasise different aspects of the OS.