[Day 11] 2. Network Address Translation (NAT)

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a networking technique that converts private IP addresses (non-routable on the public internet) into public IP addresses (routable), and vice versa. This enables devices within a private network to communicate with external networks, such as the internet, by utilizing a public IP address.

Types of NAT:

1. Static NAT: Provides a one-to-one mapping between private and public IP addresses.
2. Dynamic NAT: Dynamically assigns a public IP address from a pool of available addresses to private IPs as needed.
3. Dynamic NAT with Overload (PAT): Also known as Port Address Translation, this method allows multiple private IP addresses to share a single public IP by differentiating traffic using unique port numbers.