[Day 2] 2. Switches and Networks

• Switches: Use RAM and a microprocessor to learn and store MAC addresses, improving communication efficiency.
• ASIC vs. Software: Switches use ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) for limited functionality, while bridges rely on software.
• Switch Drawbacks: Delays occur when too many MAC addresses are processed or when broadcasts overload the switch.

Duplex Modes

• Full Duplex: Uses separate cables for sending and receiving data, allowing simultaneous two-way communication.
• Half Duplex: Allows only one-way data transmission at a time.
• Simplex: One-way communication without the ability to send data back.

Network Architecture and Challenges

• Flat Networks: Broadcasts are sent to all devices, which can lead to delays and inefficiencies, especially with many devices.
• Broadcast Overload: Servers may crash due to excessive broadcasts, highlighting the need for better network segmentation.